Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It spreads through food or water contaminated by human waste in areas lacking safe sanitation. Early symptoms resemble flu with fever, headache, and stomach pain. Without antibiotics, severe intestinal bleeding or perforation can occur. The World Health Organization advises vaccination for travellers visiting parts of South Asia, Africa, and Latin America where the disease remains common. Typhoid is preventable through vaccination and careful food hygiene. Washing hands before meals, drinking sealed bottled water, and choosing freshly cooked food all reduce exposure. Even so, vaccination offers the strongest defence because it works continuously in the background while you travel.